Ventriculostomy is a surgical procedure used to create an opening or drainage pathway in one of the brain's ventricles, which are fluid-filled cavities within the brain. This procedure is typically performed to relieve elevated intracranial pressure caused by conditions such as hydrocephalus, brain tumors, or traumatic brain injury. During ventriculostomy, a catheter is inserted through a small hole drilled in the skull into a ventricle, allowing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to be drained and thereby reducing pressure inside the brain. The primary causes for ventriculostomy include obstructive hydrocephalus, where there is a blockage of CSF flow, or conditions causing excessive CSF accumulation that leads to increased intracranial pressure. Complications associated with ventriculostomy can include infection at the catheter insertion site or within the ventricles, bleeding, and damage to brain tissue. Other risks involve catheter-related issues such as blockage, dislodgement, or improper drainage. Additionally, there is a potential for long-term problems, such as persistent hydrocephalus or the need for further surgical interventions if the underlying condition is not adequately addressed. Despite these risks, ventriculostomy is a crucial procedure for managing life-threatening conditions associated with abnormal CSF accumulation and elevated intracranial pressure. Postoperative monitoring and care are essential to minimize complications, ensure proper catheter function, and address any arising issues promptly.
